오늘의 공부 - Park Chung-hee (Korean: 박정희; Hanja: 朴正熙; 14 November 1917 – 26 October 1979) was a South Korean politician and Republic of Korea Army General who served as the President of South Korea from 1963 until his assassination in 1979, assuming that office after first ruling the country as head of a military dictatorship installed by the May 16 military coup d'état in 1961. Before his presidency, he was the chairman of the Supreme Council for National Reconstruction from 1961 to 1963 after a career as a military leader in the South Korean army. Chiyou (蚩尤) was a tribal leader of the Nine Li tribe (九黎) in ancient China.[1] He is best known as a king who lost against the future Yellow Emperor during the Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors era in Chinese mythology.[1][2][3] For the Hmong people, Chiyou[4] was a sagacious mythical king.[5] He has a particularly complex and controversial ancestry, as he may fall under Dongyi[1] Miao[5] or even Man,[5] depending on the source and view. Today, Chiyou is honored and worshipped as the God of War and one of the three legendary founding fathers of China. 박정희(朴正熙,[4] 1917년 11월 14일 ~ 1979년 10월 26일)는 대한민국의 제5·6·7·8·9대 대통령이다. 본관은 고령. 호는 중수(中樹)이다. 군사 반란으로 정권을 찬탈하여 불법적인 방법으로 권력을 행사하다 김재규 중앙정보부장에 의해 암살되었다.
박정희(朴正熙,[4] 1917년 11월 14일 ~ 1979년 10월 26일)는 대한민국의 제5·6·7·8·9대 대통령이다. 본관은 고령. 호는 중수(中樹)이다. 군사 반란으로 정권을 찬탈하여 불법적인 방법으로 권력을 행사하다 김재규 중앙정보부장에 의해 암살되었다.
대구사범학교를 졸업하고 3년간 교사로 재직하다 만주국 육군군관학교에 입학하였다. 졸업 성적 석차 2등으로 만주국 군관학교를 졸업한 후, 성적우수자 추천을 받아, 일본 육군사관학교에 57기로 입학한 후 1944년 성적 석차 1등으로 졸업했다. 일본이 제2차 세계 대전에서 패망할 때까지 일본 제국이 수립한 만주국의 일제관동군장교로 근무하였다. 병과(兵科)는 포병(砲兵)이다. 일제가 패망하고 1946년 7월에 귀국하여 대한민국 국군 장교를 지내던 중 형인 박상희가 경찰에게 사살되자 이재복의 권유로 남조선로동당에 입당하여 활동하였다가 김창룡이 주도한 숙군에서 여수·순천 사건 연루 혐의로 체포되어 사형을 선고받았다. 정보국에 남조선로동당 조직과 동료들을 증언한 후, 육군본부 정보국장이었던 백선엽의 최종 면담에서 사형을 면하였다.[5][6]
5·16 군사 정변을 주도하여 국가재건최고회의 의장이 되어 "군으로 돌아가겠다"는 약속을 깨면서 군복을 벗고 1963년 12월부터 1979년 10월 26일까지 제5·6·7·8·9대 대통령으로 장기집권을 하였다. 국가재건사업을 추진하여 1968년부터 경부고속도로 기공 및 개통, 서울 지하철 기공 및 개통, 농촌의 현대화 운동이었던 새마을 운동, 대규모 중화학 공업 건설 및 육성, 민둥산의 기적인 산림녹화 사업, 식량 자급자족 실현 등 근대화 정책을 추진하였다. 3선 개헌 및 유신헌법 등의 장기 집권을 반대하던 여야 및 학생운동이 일어났다. 1979년 10월 김영삼 의원 제명 파동으로 부마항쟁이 일어났다. 1979년 10월 26일 궁정동에서 연회를 하던 도중 중앙정보부장이었던 김재규에 의해 총살에 의한 암살을 당했다.
Park Chung-hee (Korean: 박정희; Hanja: 朴正熙; 14 November 1917 – 26 October 1979) was a South Korean politician and Republic of Korea Army General who served as the President of South Korea from 1963 until his assassination in 1979, assuming that office after first ruling the country as head of a military dictatorship installed by the May 16 military coup d'état in 1961. Before his presidency, he was the chairman of the Supreme Council for National Reconstruction from 1961 to 1963 after a career as a military leader in the South Korean army.
Park's coup brought an end to the interim government of the Second Republic and his election and inauguration in 1963 ushered in the Third Republic. Seeking to bring South Korea into the developed world, Park began a series of economic policies that brought rapid economic growth and industrialization to the nation that eventually became known as the Miracle on the Han River. South Korea became one of the fastest growing nations during the 60s and 70s as a result.
Although popular during the 60s, by the 1970s, as growth began to slow, Park's popularity started to wane, resulting in closer than expected victories during the 1971 South Korean presidential election and the subsequent legislative elections. Following this, in 1972, Park declared martial law and amended the constitution into a highly authoritarian document called the Yushin Constitution. Formally, the pretense was that the Yushin Constitution was the seventh Constitutional amendment. In actuality, its effect was tantamount to abolition of the former Constitution – effectively creating a new one in an effort to legitimize the new Fourth Republic[citation needed]. During this time, political opposition and dissent was constantly repressed and Park had complete control of the media and military.
Park survived several previous attempts to kill him, including two operations associated with North Korea.[citation needed] Following the student uprising later known as the Bu-Ma Democratic Protests, Park was assassinated on 26 October 1979 by his close friend Kim Jae-gyu, the director of the Korean Central Intelligence Agency, at a safe house in Seoul.[3] Cha Ji-chul, chief of the Presidential Security Service, was also fatally shot by Kim. Kim and his accomplices were tortured, convicted and executed for the assassination as Choi Kyu-hah became Acting President pursuant to Article 48 of the Yushin Constitution. Major General Chun Doo-hwan quickly amassed sweeping powers after his Defense Security Command was charged with investigating the assassination, first taking control of the military and the KCIA before installing another military junta and finally assuming the presidency in 1980. Whether the assassination was spontaneous or premeditated is something that remains unclear today—the motivations of Kim Jae-gyu are still debated.
Economic growth continued after Park's death and after considerable political turmoil in the wake of his assassination and the military Coup d'état of December Twelfth, the country eventually democratized. Later presidents included political activist Kim Dae-jung, who was arrested under Park's regime and later received a death-sentence which was quickly revoked, in part thanks to the urging of United States officials.[4] Park is a controversial figure in modern South Korean political discourse and among the South Korean populace in general for his dictatorship and undemocratic ways. While some credit him for sustaining the Miracle on the Han River, which reshaped and modernized South Korea, others criticize his authoritarian way of ruling the country (especially after 1971) and for prioritizing economic growth and contrived social order at the expense of civil liberties.
In 2012, the Park Jung-hee Presidential Library and Museum was opened.[5] On 25 February 2013, his eldest daughter, Park Geun-hye, became the first female president of South Korea. She was impeached and removed from office on 10 March 2017 as a result of an influence-peddling scandal. She was sentenced to 24 years in prison in April 2018
대구사범학교를 졸업하고 3년간 교사로 재직하다 만주국 육군군관학교에 입학하였다. 졸업 성적 석차 2등으로 만주국 군관학교를 졸업한 후, 성적우수자 추천을 받아, 일본 육군사관학교에 57기로 입학한 후 1944년 성적 석차 1등으로 졸업했다. 일본이 제2차 세계 대전에서 패망할 때까지 일본 제국이 수립한 만주국의 일제관동군장교로 근무하였다. 병과(兵科)는 포병(砲兵)이다. 일제가 패망하고 1946년 7월에 귀국하여 대한민국 국군 장교를 지내던 중 형인 박상희가 경찰에게 사살되자 이재복의 권유로 남조선로동당에 입당하여 활동하였다가 김창룡이 주도한 숙군에서 여수·순천 사건 연루 혐의로 체포되어 사형을 선고받았다. 정보국에 남조선로동당 조직과 동료들을 증언한 후, 육군본부 정보국장이었던 백선엽의 최종 면담에서 사형을 면하였다.[5][6]
5·16 군사 정변을 주도하여 국가재건최고회의 의장이 되어 "군으로 돌아가겠다"는 약속을 깨면서 군복을 벗고 1963년 12월부터 1979년 10월 26일까지 제5·6·7·8·9대 대통령으로 장기집권을 하였다. 국가재건사업을 추진하여 1968년부터 경부고속도로 기공 및 개통, 서울 지하철 기공 및 개통, 농촌의 현대화 운동이었던 새마을 운동, 대규모 중화학 공업 건설 및 육성, 민둥산의 기적인 산림녹화 사업, 식량 자급자족 실현 등 근대화 정책을 추진하였다. 3선 개헌 및 유신헌법 등의 장기 집권을 반대하던 여야 및 학생운동이 일어났다. 1979년 10월 김영삼 의원 제명 파동으로 부마항쟁이 일어났다. 1979년 10월 26일 궁정동에서 연회를 하던 도중 중앙정보부장이었던 김재규에 의해 총살에 의한 암살을 당했다.
Park Chung-hee (Korean: 박정희; Hanja: 朴正熙; 14 November 1917 – 26 October 1979) was a South Korean politician and Republic of Korea Army General who served as the President of South Korea from 1963 until his assassination in 1979, assuming that office after first ruling the country as head of a military dictatorship installed by the May 16 military coup d'état in 1961. Before his presidency, he was the chairman of the Supreme Council for National Reconstruction from 1961 to 1963 after a career as a military leader in the South Korean army.
Park's coup brought an end to the interim government of the Second Republic and his election and inauguration in 1963 ushered in the Third Republic. Seeking to bring South Korea into the developed world, Park began a series of economic policies that brought rapid economic growth and industrialization to the nation that eventually became known as the Miracle on the Han River. South Korea became one of the fastest growing nations during the 60s and 70s as a result.
Although popular during the 60s, by the 1970s, as growth began to slow, Park's popularity started to wane, resulting in closer than expected victories during the 1971 South Korean presidential election and the subsequent legislative elections. Following this, in 1972, Park declared martial law and amended the constitution into a highly authoritarian document called the Yushin Constitution. Formally, the pretense was that the Yushin Constitution was the seventh Constitutional amendment. In actuality, its effect was tantamount to abolition of the former Constitution – effectively creating a new one in an effort to legitimize the new Fourth Republic[citation needed]. During this time, political opposition and dissent was constantly repressed and Park had complete control of the media and military.
Park survived several previous attempts to kill him, including two operations associated with North Korea.[citation needed] Following the student uprising later known as the Bu-Ma Democratic Protests, Park was assassinated on 26 October 1979 by his close friend Kim Jae-gyu, the director of the Korean Central Intelligence Agency, at a safe house in Seoul.[3] Cha Ji-chul, chief of the Presidential Security Service, was also fatally shot by Kim. Kim and his accomplices were tortured, convicted and executed for the assassination as Choi Kyu-hah became Acting President pursuant to Article 48 of the Yushin Constitution. Major General Chun Doo-hwan quickly amassed sweeping powers after his Defense Security Command was charged with investigating the assassination, first taking control of the military and the KCIA before installing another military junta and finally assuming the presidency in 1980. Whether the assassination was spontaneous or premeditated is something that remains unclear today—the motivations of Kim Jae-gyu are still debated.
Economic growth continued after Park's death and after considerable political turmoil in the wake of his assassination and the military Coup d'état of December Twelfth, the country eventually democratized. Later presidents included political activist Kim Dae-jung, who was arrested under Park's regime and later received a death-sentence which was quickly revoked, in part thanks to the urging of United States officials.[4] Park is a controversial figure in modern South Korean political discourse and among the South Korean populace in general for his dictatorship and undemocratic ways. While some credit him for sustaining the Miracle on the Han River, which reshaped and modernized South Korea, others criticize his authoritarian way of ruling the country (especially after 1971) and for prioritizing economic growth and contrived social order at the expense of civil liberties.
In 2012, the Park Jung-hee Presidential Library and Museum was opened.[5] On 25 February 2013, his eldest daughter, Park Geun-hye, became the first female president of South Korea. She was impeached and removed from office on 10 March 2017 as a result of an influence-peddling scandal. She was sentenced to 24 years in prison in April 2018
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